-
1 ὁ
ὁ, [full] ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,A demonstr. Pronoun.B in [dialect] Att., definite or prepositive Article.C in [dialect] Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative ; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, αἳ ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖς were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶς ) in [dialect] Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1 ) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.): other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dualτοῖιν Od.18.34
, al.: gen. pl. fem. τάων [pron. full] [ᾱ], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖς in Hom.— In [dialect] Dor. and all other dialects exc. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old [pron. full] ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence [dialect] Dor. etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶς ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν ; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνς (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τός (ib.3.50, al.) ; in Lesbian [dialect] Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, IG12(2).645 A13, B62 ; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6 ; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The [dialect] Att. Poets also used the [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν.., τοὶ δέ.., for οἱ μέν.., οἱ δέ.., not only in lyr., as A.Pers. 584, Th. 295, 298 ;οἱ μέν.. τοὶ δ' S.Aj. 1404
(anap.) ; but even in a trimeter, A.Pers. 424. In [dialect] Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq. ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23 ;τὼ ἡμέρα X.Cyr.1.2.11
;τὼ χεῖρε Id.Mem.2.3.18
;τοῖν χεροῖν Pl.Tht. 155e
;τοῖν γενεσέοιν Id.Phd. 71e
;τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.75
(τά S.Ant. 769, Ar.Eq. 424, 484,ταῖν Lys.19.17
, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected) ; in Arc. the form τοῖς functions as gen. dual fem., (Orchom., iv B.C.):—in Elean and [dialect] Boeot. ὁ, ἡ (ἁ), τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυΐ the following men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With ὁ, ἁ, cf. Skt. demonstr. pron. sa, sā, Goth. sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Lat. acc. sum, sam (Enn.): —with τό [from Τόδ] cf. Skt. tat (tad), Lat. is-tud, Goth. pata: —with τοί cf. Skt. te, Lith. tĩe, OE. pá, etc.:—with τάων cf. Skt. tāsām, Lat. is-tarum:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (q. v.) is different.)A ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense: freq. also in Hdt. (1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp. 1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th. 197, Ag.7, Eu. 174 ; τῶν γάρ.., τῆς γάρ.., Id.Supp. 358, S.OT 1082 ; seldom in [dialect] Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII):I joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II: and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.— thataged man, 7.324 ; αἰετοῦ.. τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, 21.252, al. ; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, 20.181 ; οἴχετ' ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun,αὐτὰρ ὁ αὖτε Πέλοψ 2.105
;τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες 11.186
, cf. 703, al.:—different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships— I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20, 329, al.II freq. without a Subst., he, she, it,ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε Il.1.12
, al.III placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., Il.17.172 ; οἷ' οὔ πώ τιν' ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν.. Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who.., Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332 ;θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσεν Od.21.43
, cf. 1.116, 10.74 :—for the [dialect] Att. usage v. infr.IV before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608 ; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art.V for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init.VI ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc.: sts. in Opposition, where ὁ μέν prop. refers to the former, ὁ δέ to the latter ; more rarely ὁ μέν the latter, the former,Pl.
Prt. 359e, Isoc.2.32,34: sts. in Partition, the one.., the other.., etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.., into parts,ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι.., τῶν δ' αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατο Il.18.595
;τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνται Pl.R. 338d
, etc.: but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition,ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.5.28
, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., S.Ant. 22, etc. ;πηγὴ ἡ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, ἡ δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖ Pl.Phdr. 255c
; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg.,ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος D.42.6
: sts. a Noun is added in apposition with ὁ μέν orὁ δέ, ὁ μὲν οὔτασ' Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος.., Μάρις δὲ.. Il.16.317
-19, cf. 116 ;τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ. D.18.102
, cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, etc.2 when a neg. accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g. ;τὸν φιλόσοφον σοφίας ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι, οὐ τῆς μὲν τῆς δ' οὔ, ἀλλὰ πάσης Pl.R. 475b
;οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν τὰς δ' οὔ· οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τῶν δ' οὔ Id.Cri. 47a
, etc.3 ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite,ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν.., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλος X.Cyr.3.1.41
;νόμους.. τοὺς μὲν ὀρθῶς τιθέασιν τοὺς δέ τινας οὐκ ὀρθῶς Pl.R. 339c
, cf. Phlb. 13c.4 on τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., or τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., v. infr. VIII.4.5 ὁ μέν is freq. used without a correspondingὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ' ἐσκίδναντο.., Μυρμιδόνας δ' οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Il.23.3
, cf. 24.722, Th.8.12, etc.: also folld. byἀλλά, ἡ μὲν γάρ μ' ἐκέλευε.., ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔθελον Od.7.304
; by ἄλλος δέ, Il.6.147, etc. ;τὸν μὲν.., ἕτερον δέ Ar.Av. 843
, etc. ;ὁ μέν.., ὃς δέ.. Thgn.205
(v.l. οὐδέ): less freq. ὁ δέ in the latter clause without ὁ μέν preceding, τῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων (for ὁ μὲν φεύγων) Il.22.157 ;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf.μέν D.
III ;γεωργὸς μὲν εἷς, ὁ δὲ οἰκοδόμος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὑφαντής Pl.R. 369d
, cf. Tht. 181d.6 ὁ δέ following μέν sts. refers to the subject of the preceding clause,τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ', ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον.. βεβλήκει Il. 4.491
;τὴν μὲν γενομένην αὐτοῖσι αἰτίην οὐ μάλα ἐξέφαινε, ὁ δὲ ἔλεγέ σφι Hdt.6.3
, cf. 1.66,6.9, 133,7.6 : rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήν Th.1.87
;ἔμενον ὡς κατέχοντες τὸ ἄκρον· οἱ δ' οὐ κατεῖχον X.An.4.2.6
: this is different from ὁ δέ in apodosi, v. infr. 7 ; also from passages in which both clauses have a common verb, v. ὅ γε 11.7 ὁ δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3.8 the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν andδέ, οὔθ' ὁ.. οὔθ' ὁ Il.15.417
;ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς A.Supp. 439
;οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖς Pl.Lg. 701e
.VII the following usages prevailed in [dialect] Att. Prose,1 in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅς ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v.ὅς A.
II.I and cf. Skt. sas, alternat. form of sa) ; so, in acc.,καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν Pl.Smp. 174a
, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt.,καὶ τὴν φράσαι 6.61
, al.2 ὁ καὶ ὁ such and such,τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ Pl.Lg. 721b
: but mostly in acc.,καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόν Lys.1.23
, cf. Pl.Lg. 784d ;τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθώς D.21.141
, cf. 9.68 ;τὸ καὶ τό Id.18.243
; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be so and so, Arist.Rh. 1401a4, cf. 1413a22 ; but τὰ καὶ τά now one thing, now another, of good and bad, , cf. Pi.P.5.55,7.20, al.;τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρόν Id.O. 2.53
; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, Hp.Acut.46 ; cf. A. VI.8.VIII abs. usages of single cases,1 fem. dat. τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, Il.5.752, 858, al.: folld. by ᾗ, 13.52, etc.: also in Prose,τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ X.Ath.2.12
.b with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124 ;τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ.. 15.46
; :—only poet.c of Manner, in this way, thus,Od.
8.510.d repeated, τῇ μέν.., τῇ δέ.., in one way.., in another.., or partly.., partly.., E.Or. 356, Pl.Smp. 211a, etc.: withoutμέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ' ἧσσον Parm.8.48
.e relat., where, by which way, only [dialect] Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229.2 neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, on this account, freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.): also in Trag., A.Pr. 239, S.OT 510 (lyr.) ; in Prose,τῷ τοι.. Pl.Tht. 179d
, Sph. 230b.b thus, so, Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, Od.1.239,3.224, 258,al., Theoc.29.11.—In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2.3 neut. acc. τό, wherefore, Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph. 142(lyr.) ; also τὸ δέ abs., but the fact is.., Pl.Ap. 23a, Men. 97c, Phd. 109d, Tht. 157b, R. 340d, Lg. 967a ; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6),τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ.. ἐπετήδευσαν Th.1.37
;τὸ δὲ.. ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσται Id.2.89
; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J.4 τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., partly.., partly.., or on the one hand.., on the other.., Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46 ; more freq. τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., Hdt.1.173, S.Tr. 534, etc.; alsoτὰ μέν τι.., τὰ δέ τι.. X.An.4.1.14
;τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Luc.Macr.14
;τὰ μέν.., τὸ δὲ πλέον.. Th.1.90
: sts. without τὸ μέν.. in the first clause,τὸ δέ τι Id.1.107
,7.48 : rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ.., τέλος δέ several times.. and finally, Hdt.3.85.5 of Time, sts. that time, sts. this (present) time, συνμαχία κ' ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, [dialect] Ep. τοῖο, from that time, Il.1.493,15.601.b πρὸ τοῦ, sts. written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, Hdt.1.103, 122,5.55, A.Ag. 1204, Ar.Nu.5, etc.;ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ Th.1.32
, cf. A.Eu. 462 ;τὸ πρὸ τοῦ D.S.20.59
.c in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (lit. before this [day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.).6 ἐν τοῖς is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, Hdt.7.137 ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, Th.1.6, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος ( πρώτοις codd.) Pherecr.145.4 ; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, Aristid. Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖς remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. ἡ στάσις) ib.82 : also with Advbs.,ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Id.8.90
, Pl.Cri. 52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.;ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώτατα Th.7.71
; : in late Prose, also with Positives,ἐν τοῖς παράδοξον Aristid.Or.48(24).47
codd.; withπάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυ D.H.1.19
, cf. 66 ( ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15).B ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals: rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst., the hindmost man,Il.
11.178 ;τὸν ἄριστον 17.80
;τὸν δύστηνον 22.59
;τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325
; τῷ πρώτῳ.., τῷ δευτέρῳ.., etc., ib. 265sq. ; also inτῶν ἄλλων 2.674
, al.: with Advs.,τὸ πρίν 24.543
, al.;τὸ πάρος περ 17.720
;τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583
; also τὸ τρίτον ib. 733 ;τὰ πρῶτα 1.6
,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ;ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559
.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. [dialect] Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in [dialect] Att.I not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron.,τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθην Ar.Ach.5
; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, And.1.61, etc. ; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, S.Ant. 190 ; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, Th.1.12; .b omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεός 1.1, βασιλεύς III ; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th. (3.70 ) speaks first of Πειθίας and then refers to him repeatedly as ὁ Π.; cf. Θράσυλος in Id.8.104, with ὁ Θ. ib. 105 ; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, E.Fr. 480 ; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος, S.OT 729, El.35, etc.: later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of ὁ with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I).c Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but ὁ Σωκράτης when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al.2 in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type,οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν.. λεύσσει Il.3.109
;πονηρὸν ὁ συκοφάντης D.18.242
, etc.b freq. with abstract Nouns,ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρως Th.3.45
, etc.3 of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, v. γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.4 with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg. 505b ; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant. 1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b ; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86.5 in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man ; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp. 265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, Pl.Men. 72e : and so before whole clauses, ἡ δόξα.. περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', Id.R. 431e ; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ' ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if.. ', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R. 327c, etc.;τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούς D.23.148
; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, Arist.Pol. 1283b11.6 before relat. clauses, when the Art. serves to combine the whole relat. clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι the harshness you speak of, Pl.Cra. 435a ; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν.., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινος (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινος) Id.Criti. 115b ;τῶν ὅσοι ἂν.. ἀγαθοὶ κριθῶσιν Id.R. 469b
;ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς μείξαντες καὶ τῶν ὅσα πυρὶ καὶ γῇ κεράννυται Id.Prt. 320d
, cf. Hyp.Lyc.2 ;ταύτην τε τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις Arist.Metaph. 987a8
;τὸν ὃς ἔφη Lys.23.8
: hence the relat., by attraction, freq. follows the case of the Art., τοῖς οἵοις ἡμῖν τε καὶ ὑμῖν, i.e. τοῖς οὖσιν οἷοι ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς, X.HG2.3.25, etc.7 before Prons.,a before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc., ,Phlb. 20b ; τὸν.. σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib. 59b ; ; on ὁ αὐτός, v. αὐτός 111.b before the interrog. Pron. (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr. 251, Ar. Pax 696 ; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib. 693. Of τίς only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖος is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph. 707 ; but also in the other genders, ὁ ποῖος; ib. 1704 ; τῆς ποίας μερίδος; D.18.64 ; τοῖς ποίοις.. ; Arist.Ph. 227b1.c with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst., that sort of person,X.
Mem.4.2.21, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art.,τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτην D.41.13
.8 before ἅπας, Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC 1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, Arist.Pol. 1287b8, 1288a19 : on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλος 11.6,πολύς 11.3
, etc.II elliptic expressions:1 before the gen. of a pr.<*>., to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱός) Th.4.104 ; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διός (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel. 470 : also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10 ; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M. the wife of S., Ar.Ec.46 ; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, X.An.1.2.15 ; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of A., Hp.Hum.20.2 generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60 ; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, Id.4.83, cf. 6.89, etc.; τὸ τῆς τύχης,=ἡ τύχη, Id.4.18 ; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, ib.55 ; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, S.Tr. 498(lyr.): hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν, what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj. 124, El. 251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers.,τὸ τῆσδε E.Hipp.48
. But τό τινος is freq. also, a man's word or saying, asτὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt.1.86
; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, Pl.Tht. 183e ; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, Ar.V. 1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49.3 very freq. with cases governed by Preps.. αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13 ; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2 ; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, Id.7.70 ; τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, Id.8.48 ; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, Id.2.87, etc.4 on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV.5 in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly. 203a ; ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσις), v. θάνατος; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμός 11.4 ; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol. 1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν;ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦς Th.1.52
; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc. ; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., asκἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο E.Ph. 266
, cf.[315] (lyr.);ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθεν Id.Or. 1412
(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1 ;τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖν S.Aj. 731
.C as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects ; both in nom. sg. masc. ὅ, asκλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες Od.2.262
, cf. 1.300, al. ;Ἔρως, ὃ κατ' ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθον E.Hipp. 526
(lyr.);Ἄδωνις, ὃ κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖται Theoc.15.86
; ὃ ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 ([place name] Cyprus) ; and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in [dialect] Ion. Poets,ἐν τῷ κάθημαι Archil.87.3
, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag., , Tr. 381, 728, E.Alc. 883 (anap.);τῷ S.Ph.14
; , Tr.47, El. 1144 ; τό Id.OT 1427 ; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant. 1086.—Never in Com. or [dialect] Att. Prose:—[dialect] Ep. gen. sg.τεῦ Il.18.192
(s.v.l.).D CRASIS OF ARTICLE:a [dialect] Att. ὁ, ἡ, τό, with [pron. full] ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιον; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθά; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but ἅτερος, θάτερον ([pron. full] ¯ ?ὁX?ὁX), [dialect] Ion. οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (v. ἕτερος), [dialect] Att. fem. ἡτέρα, dat. θητέρᾳ (v. ἕτερος); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (freq. written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Pap.); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί= αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ. -
2 отличаться
differ, differ from, be distinguished, be different from, be unlike, be noted for, feature• Второй эксперимент отличается от первого в нескольких важных моментах. - The second experiment differs from the first in several important ways.• Данное уравнение отличается от тех, что появляются в/ при... - This equation is different from those arising in...• Данный метод отличается от метода Малкина [2]. - The method is different from the one due to Malkin [2].• Его данные существенно отличались от результатов Смита [1]. - His findings were at variance with those of Smith [1].• Наш метод будет весьма существенно отличаться от данного. - Our procedure will be quite different from this.• Наши результаты существенно отличаются от результатов Смита [1]. - Our results barely differ from those of Smith [1].• Последний результат существенно отличается от того, что мы ожидали. - The latter result differs considerably from what we expected.• Применяемый метод значительно отличается по своему характеру от того, что использовался в... - The method used differs significantly in character from that used in...• Профессор Смит отличился в области... - Prof. Smith has distinguished himself in the field of...• Это весьма отличается от... - It is quite otherwise with...• Это существенно отличается от конечномерного случая, где... - This is in marked contrast to the finite dimensional case, where...• Это существенно отличается от... - This is considerably different from... -
3 година
1. year, twelvemonthтая/миналата/идущата година this/last/next yearгодината, която идва the coming yearпо-миналата година the year before lastдругата/следната година the following yearвътре в една година within a year, in a year's timeза (е течение на) една година in (the course of) a yearпечели 5000 лева на година he makes 5000 levs a year/per annumпрез изтеклата година during the past yearпрез април миналата година in April of last yearпрез цялата година all the year roundведнъж/два пъти през година та once/twice a yearпреди края на годината before the year is outпо това време на годината at this time of yearстарата/новата година the old/the new yearсрещу нова година on New Year's Eveастрономична година an astronomic yearкалендарна година a calendar/legal/civil yearучебна година a school year, ( за университет) an academic yearстудент трета година a student in his third year, a third year studentдавам под наем/наемам за една година let/hire by the yearгодина с година не си приличат next year is always different from this; there are no two years alikeпреди години years agoима вече 7 години, откакто it is now 7 years sinceняма да минат много години и it will not be many years beforeне съм го виждал от години I haven't seen him for years/agesне са се виждали от години it is years since they metгодини наред, години и години year in, year outпрез последните години in/of recent/latter years. during the past yearsпрез последните няколко/10 години in the last few/ten yearsс години по-млад/стар от years younger/older thanс годините in the course of time, as the years go byспоразумение за една година a yearly arrangementчакам с години wait for yearsдълги години for (many) yearsбурни години turbulent yearsусилни години hard times2. (възраст) ageмлади/стари години young/old ageна млади години in o.'s youth, in o.'s early daysна стари години in o.'s old ageстудентски години student daysна години advanced in years; well on in yearsчовек на години a man of yearsна колко сте години? how old are you?аз съм на тридесет години I am thirty (years old); I am thirty years of ageтой е на моите години he is my ageдо... години up to the age of...разлика в годините disparity in yearsна моите години at my time of lifeвлизам в години, напредвам в годините be getting on in years, advance in yearsтой кара двадесет години he is in his twentieth yearмного млад за годините си very young for his years/ageмного сериозен за годините си serious beyond his ageне за годините си beyond o.'s yearsв най-хубавите години на живота си in the prime of o.'s lifeизглеждам добре за годините си, не ми личат годините bear o.'s age wellизглеждам на толкова години, на колкото съм в действителност look o.'s ageпо години (за класиране и пр.) according to ageза много години many happy returns (of the day)* * *годѝна,ж., -и 1. year, twelvemonth; бурни \годинаи turbulent years; веднъж/два пъти през \годинаата once/twice a year; високосна \годинаа leap-year; всяка \годинаа every year, yearly, annually; вътре в една \годинаа within a year, in a year’s time; \годинаата, която идва the coming year; \годинаа с \годинаа не си приличат next year is always different from this; there are no two years alike; \годинаи наред, \годинаи и \годинаи year in, year out; \годинаите минават неусетно the years slide past; давам под наем/наемам за една \годинаа let/hire by the year; другата/следната \годинаа the following year; дълги \годинаи for (many) years; за една \годинаа for one year; за (в течение на) една \годинаа in (the course of) a year; има вече 50 \годинаи, откакто it is now 50 years since; календарна \годинаа calendar/legal/civil year; (на) Нова \годинаа (on) New Year’s Day; не са се виждали от \годинаи it is years since they met; няма да минат много \годинаи и it will not be many years before; от \годинаа на \годинаа from year to year, year by year; от \годинаи for years (on end); for many long years; от една \годинаа for a year; от тази \годинаа of the present/current year; отчетна \годинаа fiscal year; печели 1200 долара на \годинаа he makes 1200 dolars a year/per annum; по-миналата \годинаа the year before last; по това време на \годинаата at this time of year; преди \годинаи years ago; преди края на \годинаата before the year is out; през април миналата \годинаа in April of last year; през \годинаа every other year; през изтеклата \годинаа during the past year; през онази \годинаа that year; на \годинаа(та) a year; per annum; през последните \годинаи in/of recent/latter years, during the past years; през 1921 \годинаа in the year 1921, in 1921; през цялата \годинаа all the year round; с \годинаите in the course of time, as the years go by; светлинна \годинаа light year; след една \годинаа in a year, in a year’s time, a year from now; слънчева \годинаа a solar year; споразумение за една \годинаа a yearly arrangement; срещу Нова \годинаа on New Year’s Eve; студент трета \годинаа student in his third year, third year student; тази/миналата/идващата \годинаа this/last/next year; усилни \годинаи hard times; учебна \годинаа school year, (за университет) academic year;2. ( възраст) age; аз съм на тридесет \годинаи I am thirty (years old); I am thirty years of age; в най-хубавите \годинаи на живота си in the prime of o.’s life; влизам в \годинаи, напредвам в \годинаите be getting on in years, advance in years; до… \годинаи up to the age of…; изглеждам добре за \годинаите си, не ми личат \годинаите bear o.’s age well; изглеждам на толкова \годинаи, на колкото съм в действителност look o.’s age; млади/стари \годинаи young/old age; много сериозен за \годинаите си serious beyond his age; на \годинаи advanced in years; well on in years; на колко \годинаи сте? how old are you? на млади \годинаи in o.’s youth, in o.’s early days; на моите \годинаи at my time of life; не за \годинаите си beyond o.’s years; по \годинаи (за класиране и пр.) according to age; разлика в \годинаите disparity in years; студентски \годинаи student days; той е на моите \годинаи he is my age; той кара двадесет \годинаи he is in his twentieth year; човек на \годинаи a man of years; • за много \годинаи many happy returns (of the day).* * *year: the година before last - по-миналата година* * *1. (на) нова ГОДИНА (on) New Year's Day 2. 10, (възраст) age 3. 2 лева на ГОДИНА he makes 4. 3 levs a year/per annum 5. 4 - in the year 6. 6;през изтеклата ГОДИНА during the past year 7. 7 години, откакто it is now 8. 8 years since 9. 9 години in the last few/ten years, с години по-млад/стар от years younger/ older than 10. in 11. year, twelvemonth 12. ГОДИНА с ГОДИНА не си приличат next year is always different from this;there are no two years alike 13. ГОДИНАта, която идва the coming year 14. аз съм на тридесет години I am thirty (years old);I am thirty years of age 15. астрономична ГОДИНА an astronomic year 16. бурни години turbulent years 17. в най-хубавите години на живота си in the prime of o.'s life 18. веднъж/два пъти през ГОДИНА та once/twice a year 19. високосна ГОДИНА a leap-year 20. влизам в години, напредвам в годините be getting on in years, advance in years 21. всяка ГОДИНА, every year, yearly, annually 22. вътре в една ГОДИНА within a year, in a year's time 23. години наред, години и години year in, year out 24. давам под наем/наемам за една ГОДИНА let/hire by the year 25. до... години up to the age of... 26. другата/следната ГОДИНА the following year 27. дълги години for (many) years 28. за (е течение на) една ГОДИНА in (the course of) a year 29. за една ГОДИНА for one year 30. за много години many happy returns (of the day) 31. изглеждам добре за годините си, не ми личат годините bear o.'s age well 32. изглеждам на толкова години, на колкото съм в действителност look o.'s age 33. има вече 34. календарна ГОДИНА a calendar/legal/civil year 35. млади/ стари години young/old age 36. много млад за годините си very young for his years/age 37. много сериозен за годините си serious beyond his age 38. на ГОДИНА (та) a year;per annum 39. на години advanced in years;well on in years 40. на колко сте години? how old are you? 41. на млади години in o.'s youth, in o.'s early days 42. на моите години at my time of life 43. на стари години in o.'s old age 44. не за годините си beyond o.'s years 45. не са се виждали от години it is years since they met 46. не съм го виждал от години I haven't seen him for years/ages 47. няма да минат много години и it will not be many years before 48. от ГОДИНА на ГОДИНА from year to year, year by year 49. от години for years (on end);for many long years 50. от една ГОДИНА for a year 51. от тая ГОДИНА of the present/current year 52. отчетна ГОДИНА a fiscal year 53. пo това време на ГОДИНАта at this time of year 54. печели 55. по години (за класиране и пр.) according to age 56. по-миналата ГОДИНА the year before last 57. преди години years ago 58. преди края на ГОДИНАта before the year is out 59. през 60. през ГОДИНА every other year 61. през април миналата ГОДИНА in April of last year 62. през последните години in/of recent/latter years. during the past years 63. през последните няколко/ 64. през цялата ГОДИНА all the year round 65. презоная ГОДИНА that year 66. разлика в годините disparity in years 67. с годините in the course of time, as the years go by 68. светлинна ГОДИНА a light year 69. след една ГОДИНА in a year, in a year's time. a year from now 70. слънчева ГОДИНА a solar year 71. споразумение за една година а yearly arrangement 72. срещу нова ГОДИНА on New Year's Eve 73. старата/ новата ГОДИНА the old/the new year 74. студент трета ГОДИНА a student in his third year, a third year student 75. студентски години student days 76. тая/миналата/ идущата ГОДИНА this/last/next year 77. той е на моите години he is my age 78. той кара двадесет години he is in his twentieth year 79. усилни години hard times 80. учебна ГОДИНА a school year, (за университет) an academic year 81. чакам с години wait for years 82. човек на години а man of years -
4 метод
method, process, procedure, approach, technique, practice, tool, strategy• Безо всяких изменений данный метод подходит для... - The method lends itself readily to...• Более подходящим методом является... - A better technique is to...• Более прямой метод получения величины F рассматривается в главе 9. - A more direct procedure for obtaining F is considered in Chapter 9.• Более подходящим методом является определение... - A more satisfactory method is to establish...• Большинство из этих более продвинутых методов требует... - Most of these more advanced methods require...• Были предложены несколько методов. - Several techniques have been suggested.• Было довольно нелегко разработать метод для... - It was fairly difficult to develop a method for...• Было довольно сложно разработать метод для... - It was quite difficult to develop a method for...• Было легко разработать метод для... - It was easy to develop a method for...• Было относительно легко (= просто) разработать метод для... - It was relatively easy to develop a method for... (not easy on an absolute scale, but less challenging than other tasks)• Было почти невозможно разработать метод для... - It was almost impossible to develop a method for... (so hard that we nearly failed)• В альтернативном методе мы вычисляем... - In the alternative method we calculate...• В данной главе мы представим метод для... - In this chapter, we shall formulate the procedure for...• В данном приближенном методе существенно... - In this approximation procedure it is essential to...• В качестве примера применения описанного выше метода мы показываем, что... - As an example of the method described above we show that...• В недавние годы этот метод был улучшен посредством использования (чего-л). - In recent years the subject has been enriched by the use of...• В основном мы следуем методу... - In essence we follow the procedure of...• В последние годы несколько авторов отказались от этого метода. - Several authors have, in recent years, departed from this procedure.• В своих основных чертах это был метод, использовавшийся Смитом [1]. - In essence, this was the method employed by Smith [1].• В соответствии с методом, намеченным в Главе 1, мы... - In accordance with the method outlined in Chapter 1, we...• В этой главе мы даем эффективный метод... - In this chapter we give an efficient method for...• Вместо этого давайте разработаем (один) общий метод, посредством которого... - Instead, let us develop a general method whereby...• Во многих случаях необходимо обращаться за помощью к приближенным методам. - In many cases it is necessary to resort to approximate methods.• Возможно, безопасно применить метод... к... - It is probably safe to apply the method of... to...•Возможно, наилучшим методом является... - Perhaps the best approach is to...• Все вышеупомянутые методы не применимы для малых х. - The foregoing methods all fail for small x.• Второй метод вывода уравнения (1) формулируется следующим образом. - A second method of obtaining (1) is as follows.• Второй метод точно согласуется с... - The latter method agrees precisely with...• Вышеуказанным методом обнаружено (= найдено), что... - By the above method it is found that...• Геометрически метод состоит в следующем. - Geometrically, the procedure is as follows.• Главное преимущество данного метода заключается в том, что... - The chief advantage of the method is that...• Главным преимуществом данного метода является его общность. - The principal advantage of the method is its generality.• Главным преимуществом данного метода по сравнению с традиционными является то, что... - The major advantage of this procedure over the traditional method is that...• Главным преимуществом данного метода является его простота. - The principal virtue of the method is its simplicity.• Далее, в данном методе заранее предполагается, что... - Further, the method presupposes...• Данное свойство является основой одного метода нахождения... - This property provides one method of determining...• Данный метод был предложен в статье [1]. - The method was suggested by Smith, et al. [1].• Данный метод намного точнее, чем... - The present method is much more precise than...• Данный метод не применим для/в... - The method does not apply to...• Данный метод невозможно применить, когда/ если... - The method is not applicable when...• Данный метод одинаково успешно можно применять к... - The method can equally well be applied to...• Данный метод особенно подходит в случае, когда... - The method is particularly appropriate when...• Данный метод позволяет... - The method enables one to...• Данный метод позволяет исследователю... - The method allows an investigator to...• Данный метод применим к широкому классу (в широком классе)... - The method is applicable to a large class of...• Данный метод прост и довольно интересен, однако... - This method is simple and quite interesting, but...• Данный отчет описывает новый метод... - This report describes a new method of...• Данным методом можно решить ряд важных практических задач. - This method enables us to solve several problems of practical importance.• Детали этого метода можно найти в [1]. - Details of the method can be found in Smith [1].• Для... можно применить несколько методов. - Several methods are available for...• Для получения... был использован ряд методов. - A number of methods have been used to obtain...• Для преодоления этой трудности был разработан один метод. - One method has been advanced for overcoming this difficulty.• Должны быть развиты методы для измерения... - Methods should be developed for measuring...• Достоинство этого метода состоит в том, что... - The advantage of the method is that...• Другим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The other disadvantage of this procedure is that...; Another disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Его метод доказательства весьма оригинален. - The method of proof is quite ingenious.• Единственный доступный нам в настоящее время метод - это... - The only method available to us so far is...• Единственным известным недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The only known disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Еще одним методом является... - Still another approach is to...• Здесь рассматривается (один) общий метод получения этих решений. - A general method of obtaining these solutions is considered here.• Важность наших методов состоит в том, что они будут давать... - The significance of our methods is that they will yield...• Значительно более удобный метод состоит в том, что... - A far more convenient approach is to...• Имеются два обычно используемых метода для... - There are two commonly used methods for...• Имеются три метода решения такой задачи. - There are three ways of attacking such a problem.• Интересным альтернативным методом является следующий. - An interesting alternative procedure is as follows.• Используя данный метод, следует помнить, что... - In using this method it is well to remember that...• Используя любой подобный метод, необходимо (помнить и т. п.)... - With any method such as this it is necessary to...• Используя этот метод, они нашли, что... - Using the method, they found that...; Using the method, they learned that...; Using the method, they determined that...; Using the method, they discovered that...• Используя этот новый метод, мы можем... - By this new method it will be possible to...• Итак, мы наметим несколько методов, которые могут использоваться для того, чтобы... - We therefore outline some procedures which can be used to...• К сожалению, этот метод оказался неприменим. - Unfortunately, the method was not applicable; The method, unfortunately, was not applicable.• К счастью, имеется один простой и подходящий для этого метод. - Fortunately, there is a simple technique available for doing this.• Каков недостаток этого метода? - What is the disadvantage of this procedure?• Каковы преимущества данного метода? - What are the advantages of this procedure?• Конечно, это могло бы быть следствием неподходящих методов. - Of course, this could reflect the use of inappropriate methods.• Конечно, этот метод не всегда применим. - Of course, this method will not always work.• Коротко, мы будем интересоваться методами, которые... - In short, we will inquire into the ways in which...• Кратко опишем метод для его оценки. - A method for estimating this will be given shortly.• Метод... должен быть применен к/в... - The method of... should apply to...• Метод... мог бы быть надежно применен для... - The method of... could safely be applied to,..• Метод анализа, намеченный в предыдущем абзаце, показывает... - The method of analysis outlined in the last paragraph shows...• Метод может использоваться для оценки... - The method can be used to estimate...• Метод обладает очевидным преимуществом... - The method possesses the obvious advantage of...• Метод основывается на принципе, что... - This method is based on the principle that...• Метод перестает быть достаточно точным, если... - The method ceases to be reasonably accurate if...• Метод состоит в следующем. - The procedure is as follows.• Метод состоит из двух шагов. - The approach is in two steps.• Метод требует от пользователя обеспечить... - The method requires the user to provide...• Метод, который здесь описывается, требует... - The method to be described here involves...• Метод, который мы описали, в общем случае не подходит для... - The procedure we have described is not, in general, suitable for...• Метод, приведенный в этом параграфе, подобным образом может быть применен к... - The method of sections may be applied in a similar way to...• Метод, с помощью которой это было получено, известен как... - The technique by which this is achieved is known as...• Методы, которые мы рассмотрели, позволяют нам... - The methods we have considered enable us to...• Можно использовать множество методов. Например,... - A variety of methods may be employed, e. g.,...• Можно ожидать, что метод обеспечит нахождение по меньшей мере одного корня. - The method can be expected to provide at least one root.• Мы будем придерживаться этого метода. - We shall follow this method.• Мы ввели широкий класс методов решения... - We have introduced a wide range of procedures for solving...• Мы можем обратить метод и вывести, что... - We can reverse the process and deduce that...• Мы наметим в общих чертах метод, основанный на... - We will outline a procedure based on...• Мы откладываем обсуждение подобных методов до параграфа 5. - We defer the discussion of such methods to Section 5.• Мы принимаем полностью отличный от данного метод. - We adopt an entirely different method.• Мы проиллюстрируем данный метод для случая... - We shall illustrate the procedure for the case of...• Мы считаем, что метод... можно применять к/в... - We believe that the method of... is applicable to...• Мы увидим, что эти методы могут использоваться лишь тогда, когда... - It will be observed that these methods are only applicable when...• Мы упоминаем лишь два таких метода... - We mention only two such methods of...• На данный метод часто ссылаются как на... - This process is often referred to as...• На самом деле оба метода используются на практике. - Both methods are in fact used in practice.• На сегодняшний день важность этого метода заключается в том, что... - For the present, the significance of this process lies in the fact that...• Наиболее важным преимуществом данного метода является то, что... - The primary advantage of this procedure is that...• Наиболее просто следовать этому методу в случае... - The procedure is most simply followed for the case of...• Наиболее часто используемые методы перечислены ниже:... - The methods that are most often used follow:...• Наиболее широко используемые методы основываются на... - The techniques most widely used are based on...• Наиболее широко используемый метод это тот, что был введен Смитом [1]. - The method most commonly employed is that introduced by Smith [1].• Наш метод будет весьма существенно отличаться от данного. - Our procedure will be quite different from this.• Нашей основной целью является описание систематических методов для... - Our first concern is to describe systematic methods for...• Не существует систематического метода определения... - There is no systematic way of determining...• Недостатком данного метода является то, что он требует... - The disadvantage of this procedure is that it requires...• Недостаток этого метода можно видеть... - The flaw in this approach can be seen by...• Несколько методов анализа были введены с помощью... - Several methods of analysis are introduced by means of...• Ни один из этих методов не требует... - Neither of these methods requires...• Ниже описываются два подобных метода. - Two such methods are described below.• Обнаружилось, что данный метод (здесь) не приложим. - It turned out that the method was not applicable.• Обнаружилось, что данный метод успешно используется в широкой области... - The method is found to be successful on a wide range of...• Обычно считают, что Смит [1] положил начало этому методу. - Smith [1] is usually credited with originating this method.• Обычным методом является измерение... - A common procedure is to measure...• Один такой несколько искусственный метод занимается... - One such trick is concerned with...• Одна элегантная версия данного метода использует... - An elegant version of this method employs...• Однако данный метод требует предварительного знания... - However, this method presupposes a knowledge of...• Однако лучше всего ввести этот метод, рассматривая... - However, the method is best introduced by considering...• Однако метод может не сработать даже при отсутствии... - However, the procedure may fail even in the absence of...• Однако мы воспользуемся здесь более общим методом, разработанным Воровичем [1]. - But we shall follow here a more general method due to Vorovich [1].• Однако мы легко можем разработать метод для... - We can, however, easily devise a means for...• Однако решения все еще могут быть получены при помощи чисто численных методов. - Solutions can still be obtained, however, by resorting to purely numerical methods.• Однако существует стандартный метод работы с... - However, there is a standard method of dealing with...• Однако этот метод не работает, будучи примененным к... - This approach, however, breaks down when applied to...• Однако этот метод совершенно не удовлетворяет нашим целям. - This procedure, however, falls far short of our goal.• Одним из преимуществ этого метода является то, что... - One advantage of this procedure is that...• Одним общим недостатком данного метода является наличие... - One common drawback of this method is the presence of...• Оказывается, данный метод первоначально появился в работах Смита [1]. - The method appears to have originated in the works of Smith [1].• Описанная выше процедура представляет один строгий метод... - The procedure described above represents a rigorous method of...• Описанный выше метод может быть использован для построения... - The procedure described above can be used to construct...• Описанный здесь метод всегда приводит... - The procedure described here always yields...• Основной слабостью метода является... - The main weakness of the method is...• Отличительным преимуществом данного метода является то, что... - A distinct advantage of the procedure is that...• Отличный от вышеупомянутого метод был предложен Джонсом [1]. - A different method has been given by Jones [1].• Перед этим не имелось общепризнанного метода... - Prior to this, there was no generally accepted method of...• Подобные методы могут использоваться в более сложных ситуациях. - Similar methods may be employed in more complicated cases.• Подобный метод был рассмотрен Смитом [1], который... - Such a procedure has been considered by Smith [1], who...• Подобный метод может быть принят, когда... - A similar method may be adopted when...• Подобный метод применяется к/в... - A similar method applies to...• Пользуясь такими методами, мы можем избежать... - By such expediencies we can avoid...• Потенциальное преимущество данного метода состоит в том, что... - A potential advantage of this procedure lies in the fact that...• Поэтому мы применяем слегка модифицированный метод. - We therefore adopt a slightly different method.• Предпочтительным, однако, является метод... - The preferred method, however, is to...• Преимущество этого метода заключается в том, что... - The advantage of this method lies in the fact that...• Преимущество этого метода, следовательно, состоит в том, что он обеспечивает простой... - The advantage < this procedure, therefore, is that it provides a simple...• Применение данного метода ограничено... - The application of this method is confined to...• Применение данного метода показывает... - An application of this process shows...• Применение данного специального метода оправдано (чем-л). - The adoption of this particular method is justified by...• Проиллюстрируем общий метод, рассматривая... - We illustrate the general method by considering...• Рассматриваемые до сих пор методы касаются... - The methods considered so far have been concerned with...• Результаты всех этих методов согласуются с... - The results of all these methods are consistent with...• Решающим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The crucial disadvantage of this procedure is that...• С другой стороны, этот метод даст... - On the other hand, this method will give...• Открытие Смита сделало возможным новый метод... - Smith's discovery made possible a new method of...• Самым простым из таких методов является (метод)... - The simplest such method is...• Следовательно, необходимо развить общий метод для... - It is, therefore, necessary to devise a general method for...• Следует подчеркнуть, что этот метод должен использоваться только если... - It is to be emphasized that this method should be used only; if...• Следует уделить внимание методам... - Attention should be given to methods of...• Следующее рассуждение иллюстрирует метод... - The following treatment illustrates the method of...• Следующим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - A further disadvantage of this procedure is that...• Смит [lj обнаружил метод для... - Smith [1] discovered a method for...• Смит [1] предложил метод вычисления... - Smith [l] has proposed a method of calculating...• Смит [1] применил этот метод к... - Smith [1] has applied this method to.,.• Стандартным методом является следующий. - The standard procedure is as follows.• Таким образом, мы имеем метод, который позволяет... - Thus we have a method which yields...• Тем не менее, развитые нами методы обеспечивают основу для... - However, the methods we have developed provide a basis for...• Теперь мы (полностью) готовы использовать методы, разработанные во втором параграфе. - We are now ready to use the methods of Section 2.• Теперь мы обсудим систематические методы, которые f можно использовать в/ при... - We now discuss systematic methods which can be applied to...• Теперь мы применим метод Римана, чтобы... - We now apply Riemann's method in order to...• Только что описанный метод известен как... - The procedure we have described is known as...• Тот же метод можно применять в/к... - The same method may be applied to...• Удобным методом достижения необходимой цели является... - A convenient way to accomplish this is to...• Усовершенствованные экспериментальные методы сделали возможным... - Refined experimental methods have made it possible to...• Фундаментальным преимуществом этого метода является то, что... - A fundamental advantage of this procedure is that...• Хотя этот метод и несколько необычен, он справедлив (= работает) как и любой из известных методов. - Although this method is somewhat unorthodox, it is as valid as any of the more familiar methods.• Центральной идеей, на которой основывался подход Смита [1], была... - The essential idea behind Smith's approach was that...• Чтобы воспользоваться преимуществами данного метода, необходимо... - In order to take advantage of this procedure, one must...• Чтобы проиллюстрировать применение метода, мы... - То illustrate the process we...• Эдисон изобрел новый метод для... - Edison invented a new method for...• Эдисон обдумывал новый метод для... - Edison devised a new method for...• Эти методы вводятся в следующем параграфе. - These methods are introduced in the next section.• Эти методы весьма громоздки. - These processes are tedious.• Эти методы настолько чувствительны, что... - These methods are so sensitive that...• Эти методы нельзя применять в случае, когда... - These methods are not applicable in the case of...• Эти методы очень чувствительны к малым изменениям в... - These methods are very sensitive to small changes in...• Эти методы получают своих сторонников, так как... - These methods attract proponents because...• Этим методом (= На этом пути) мы можем получить (вывести и т. п.)... - In this way we can arrive at...• Это будет объяснено примерами, когда мы будем изучать метод... - This point will be clarified by examples when we study the method of...• Это известный метод, принятый во многих работах... - This is a familiar procedure, undertaken in many studies of...• Это иллюстрирует важный метод... - This illustrates an important method of...• Это можно увидеть двумя методами. - This can be seen in two ways.• Это несущественный недостаток метода, поскольку... - This is not a serious defect of the method because...• Это приводит к полезным методам обращения с... - This leads to useful ways of dealing with...• Это простой метод, который можно проиллюстрировать, рассматривая... - This is a simple procedure which can be illustrated by considering...• Этот метод аналогичен использованному в... - The procedure is similar to that used in...• Этот метод был описан Смитом [1]. - The method has been described by Smith [1].• Этот метод был последовательно доведен до полной эффективности Смитом [3]. - This method was subsequently brought to full fruition by Smith [3].• Этот метод вполне очевиден. - This procedure is quite straightforward.• Этот метод доказательства довольно общий и применим к... - The method of proof is quite general and applies to...• Этот метод известен как... - The procedure is known as...• Этот метод имеет следующие недостатки. - The procedure has the following disadvantages.• Этот метод интересен по следующей причине. - This method is of interest for the following reason.• Этот метод легко адаптируется к/ для... - This procedure is readily adaptable to...• Этот метод легко понять, замечая, что... - The process is easily understood by noting that...• Этот метод лучше всего иллюстрируется примером. - The procedure is best illustrated by an example.• Этот метод наиболее успешен в случае, когда он применяется в... - The method is most successful when applied to...• Этот метод очевидным образом может быть распространен на (случай)... - This process can clearly be extended to...• Этот метод принимается, поскольку... - This approach is adopted because...• Этот метод являлся стандартным в течение многих лет. Несмотря на более новые разработки он будет использоваться и далее. - This approach has been standard for many years, and will continue to be of great use regardless of newer developments.• Этот технически простой метод действительно требует... - This technically simple method does require... -
5 существенно
(= особенно) essentially, substantially, significantly, materially, tangibly• В данном приближенном методе существенно... - In this approximation procedure it is essential to...• В этом случае число действий могло бы быть существенно сокращено (путем и т. п.)... - The amount of manipulation in this case could have been significantly reduced by...• Данное доказательство существенно основывается на нашем предположении, что... - The proof rests fundamentally on our assumption that...• Для нашей цели совершенно не существенно, как выбирается значение х. - For our present purpose it does not matter how x is chosen.• Его данные существенно отличались от результатов Смита [1]. - His findings were at variance with those of Smith [1].• Наш метод будет весьма существенно отличаться от данного. - Our procedure will be quite different from this.• Наши результаты существенно отличаются от результатов Смита [1]. - Our results barely differ from those of Smith [1].• Несомненно, существенно, что... - It is by no means essential that...• Последний результат существенно отличается от того, что мы ожидали. - The latter result differs considerably from what we expected.• Развивая данную теорию, мы будем существенно использовать... - In developing the theory we shall make considerable use of...• Существенно более важным случаем является тот, в котором... — By far the most important case is that in which...• Существенно более разумным подходом является... - A considerably more clever approach is to...• Существенно более серьезный недостаток возникает при... - A much more serious defect is encountered with...• Существенно меньше известно о... - Far less is known about...• Существенно, что мы определяем, действительно ли... - It is essential that we determine whether...• Хотя... существенно различаются и по своему строению, и по назначению, их можно классифицировать согласно... - Although... vary considerably in structure and function, they can be classified according to...• Экспериментальные данные существенно поддерживают эти заключения. - Experimental evidence strongly supports these conclusions.• Это существенно для наших целей. - This is essential for our purposes.• Это существенно контрастирует с... - This is in marked contrast to...• Это существенно ограничивает пределы применимости... - This essentially limits the usefulness of...• Это существенно отличается от конечномерного случая, где... - This is in marked contrast to the finite dimensional case, where...• Это существенно отличается от... - This is considerably different from...• Это существенно (= хорошо) подтверждается результатами... - This is strongly supported by the results of... -
6 refero
rĕ-fĕro, rettŭli (also written retuli), rĕlātum (rēlātum or rellatum, Lucr. 2, 1001), rĕferre, v. a. irr., to bear, carry, bring, draw, or give back (very freq. and class.; cf.: reduco, reporto, retraho).I.Lit.A.Ingen.: zonas, quas plenas argenti extuli, eas ex provinciā inanes rettuli, C. Gracchus ap. Gell. 15, 12 fin.:b.arma,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 25:vasa domum,
id. Poen. 4, 2, 25; cf.:pallam domum,
id. Men. 5, 7, 59; 4, 2, 97; 98; cf.:anulum ad me,
id. Cas. 2, 1, 1;and simply pallam, spinther,
id. Men. 3, 3, 16; 5, 1, 5; 5, 2, 56:secum aurum,
id. Aul. 4, 5, 4:exta,
id. Poen. 2, 44:uvidum rete sine squamoso pecu,
id. Rud. 4, 3, 5:aestus aliquem in portum refert,
id. As. 1, 3, 6:Auster me ad tribulos tuos Rhegium rettulit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 3: ut naves eodem, unde erant profectae, reterrentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 28:me referunt pedes in Tusculanum,
Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; cf.:aliquem lecticae impositum domum,
Suet. Caes. 82; and:in Palatium,
id. Vit. 16: intro referre pedem, to turn one ' s feet back, to return, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 50; cf.:incertus tuum cave ad me rettuleris pedem,
id. Ep. 3, 4, 3:caelo rettulit illa pedem,
Ov. H. 16, 88; 15, 186:fertque refertque pedes,
id. F. 6, 334 (for a different use of the phrase, v. infra B. 2.):in decimum vestigia rettulit annum (victoria),
Verg. A. 11, 290:in convivia gressum,
Sil. 11, 355:in thalamos cursum,
id. 8, 89:ad nomen caput ille refert,
turns his head, looks back, Ov. M. 3, 245:suumque Rettulit os in se,
drew back, concealed, id. ib. 2, 303:ad Tuneta rursum castra refert,
Liv. 30, 16:corpus in monumentum,
Petr. 113:relatis Lacedaemona (ossibus),
Just. 3, 3, 12:gemmam non ad os, sed ad genas,
Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 5: digitos ad os referre, to draw back (v. digitus), Quint. 11, 3, 103:digitos ad frontem saepe,
Ov. M. 15, 567:manum ad capulum,
Tac. A. 15, 58 fin.:rursus enses vaginae,
Sil. 7, 508:pecunias monumentaque, in templum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 21:caput ejus in castra,
id. B. G. 5, 58:vulneratos in locum tutum,
id. B. C. 2, 41:cornua (urorum) in publicum,
id. B. G. 6, 28:frumentum omne ad se referri jubet,
id. ib. 7, 71:signa militaria, scutum, litteras ad Caesarem,
id. ib. 7, 88; id. B. C. 3, 53; 3, 99; id. B. G. 1, 29; 5, 49:Caesaris capite relato,
id. B. C. 3, 19 fin. —Esp.: referre se, to go back, return:c.Romam se rettulit,
Cic. Fl. 21, 50:sese in castra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.:se huc,
id. ib. 2, 8, 2:domum me Ad porri catinum,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 115:sese ab Argis (Juno),
Verg. A. 7, 286:se ab aestu,
Ov. M. 14, 52; cf.:se de Britannis ovans,
Tac. A. 13, 32:causam Cleanthes offert, cur se sol referat,
Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 37.—Pass. in mid. sense, to return, arrive:d.sin reiciemur, tamen eodem paulo tardius referamur necesse est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:classem relatam,
Verg. A. 1, 390:nunc Itali in tergum versis referuntur habenis,
Sil. 4, 317; 7, 623.—To withdraw, remove:B.fines benignitatis introrsus referre,
to narrow, Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 5:Seleucia ab mari relata,
remote, Plin. 5, 27, 22, § 93. —In partic.1.To give back something due; to give up, return, restore, pay back, repay (= reddere):2.scyphos, quos utendos dedi Philodamo, rettuleritne?
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 34; cf. id. Aul. 4, 10, 29; 37; 38;and, pateram (surreptam),
Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54:argentum,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 29; so (with reddere) id. Curc. 5, 3, 45:mercedem (with reddere),
id. As. 2, 4, 35; cf.:octonis idibus aera,
to pay the money for tuition. Hor. S. 1, 6, 75 (v. idus):si non Rettuleris pannum,
id. Ep. 1, 17, 32; 1, 6, 60:verum, si plus dederis, referam,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 112.—Referre pedem or gradum, as a milit. t. t., to draw back, retire, withdraw, retreat (different from the gen. signif., to return, and the above passages):b.vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf.:ut paulatim cedant ac pedem referant,
id. B. C. 2, 40; Liv. 7, 33; so,referre pedem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 44 (with loco excedere); Cic. Phil. 12, 3 (opp. insistere); Liv. 3, 60 (opp. restituitur pugna);21, 8 al.— For the sake of euphony: referre gradum: cum pedes referret gradum,
Liv. 1, 14. —And, in a like sense, once mid.: a primā acie ad triarios sensim referebatur,
Liv. 8, 8, 11.—Transf., out of the milit. sphere:II. A.feroque viso retulit retro pedem (viator),
Phaedr. 2, 1, 8; cf.:viso rettulit angue pedem,
Ov. F. 2, 342; 6, 334:rettulit ille gradus horrueruntque comae,
id. ib. 2, 502:(in judiciis) instare proficientibus et ab iis, quae non adjuvant, quam mollissime pedem oportet referre,
Quint. 6, 4, 19.In gen.: (Saxum) ejulatu... Resonando mutum flebiles voces refert, Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94 (Trag. Rel. p. 176 Rib.); cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:B.sonum,
id. N. D. 2, 57, 144; id. Or. 12, 38; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 201 al.:voces,
Ov. M. 12, 47; cf.:Coëamus rettulit Echo,
id. ib. 3, 387: cum ex CXXV. judicibus reus L. referret, restored to the list, i. e. retained, accepted (opp. quinque et LXX. reiceret), Cic. Planc. 17:o mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos!
Verg. A. 8, 560; cf.: tibi tempora, Hor. C. 4, 13, 13:festas luces (sae culum),
id. ib. 4, 6, 42:dies siccos (sol),
id. ib. 3, 29, 20 et saep.:hoc quidem jam periit: Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 3:ad amicam meras querimonias referre,
id. Truc. 1, 2, 65:hic in suam domum ignominiam et calamitatem rettulit,
Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138; cf.:pro re certā spem falsam domum rettulerunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:servati civis decus referre,
Tac. A. 3, 21:e cursu populari referre aspectum in curiam,
to turn back, turn towards, Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:oculos animumque ad aliquem,
id. Quint. 14, 47:animum ad studia,
id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:animum ad veritatem,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48:animum ad firmitudinem,
Tac. A. 3, 6 et saep.:multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi Rettulit in melius,
brought to a better state, Verg. A. 11, 426:uterque se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem refert,
Cic. Rep. 5, 3, 5; so,se ad philosophiam referre,
to go back, return, id. Off. 2, 1, 4:ut eo, unde digressa est, referat se oratio,
id. ib. 2, 22, 77.—In partic.1.(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay back, give back, repay (syn. reddo):2.denique Par pari referto,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55; cf.:quod ab ipso adlatum est, id sibi esse relatum putet,
id. Phorm. prol. 21:ut puto, non poteris ipsa referre vicem,
pay him back in his own coin, Ov. A. A. 1, 370; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1337. — Esp. in the phrase referre gratiam (rarely gratias), to return thanks, show one ' s gratitude (by deeds), to recompense, requite (cf.:gratiam habeo): spero ego mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratium referam parem,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 39:parem gratiam,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51:et habetur et refertur, Thais, a me ita, uti merita es, gratia,
id. ib. 4, 6, 12; cf.:meritam gratiam debitamque,
Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14:justam ac debitam gratiam,
id. Balb. 26, 59:pro eo mihi ac mereor relaturos esse gratiam,
id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; 1, 11, 28; id. Off. 2, 20, 69:fecisti ut tibi numquam referre gratiam possim,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12; id. Most. 1, 3, 57; id. Pers. 5, 2, 71; id. Ps. 1, 3, 86; id. Rud. 5, 3, 36 al.; Cic. Lael. 15, 53; Caes. B. G. 1, 35:alicui pro ejus meritis gratiam referre,
id. ib. 5, 27 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 39; 3, 1, fin.:gratiam emeritis,
Ov. P. 1, 7, 61:gratiam factis,
id. Tr. 5, 4, 47.— Plur.:pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores ei habeantur gratiaeque referantur,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 39; 10, 11, 1:dis advenientem gratias pro meritis agere,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27; v. gratia.—To bring back any thing; to repeat, renew, restore, = repetere, retractare, renovare, etc.:b.(Hecyram) Iterum referre,
to produce it again, Ter. Hec. prol. 7; id. ib. prol. alt. 21 and 30; cf. Hor. A. P. 179.— So, to bring up for reconsideration:rem judicatam,
Cic. Dom. 29, 78:ludunt... Dictaeos referunt Curetas,
Lucr. 2, 633:Actia pugna per pueros refertur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 62: institutum referri ac renovari, Civ. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; cf.:consuetudo longo intervallo repetita ac relata,
id. ib. 21, 67:te illud idem, quod tum explosum et ejectum est, nunc rettulisse demiror,
Cic. Clu. 31, 86:cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint eandemque totius caeli descriptionem longis intervallis retulerint,
id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:mysteria ad quae biduo serius veneram,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:quasdam caerimonias ex magno intervallo,
Liv. 3, 55:antiquum morem,
Suet. Caes. 20:consuetudinem antiquam,
id. Tib. 32 et saep.:cum aditus consul idem illud responsum rettulit,
repeated, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:veterem Valeriae gentis in liberandā patriā laudem,
to restore, Cic. Fl. 1, 1:hunc morem, hos casus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius Rettulit,
Verg. A. 5, 598:O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,
id. ib. 8, 560.—To represent, set forth anew, reproduce, etc.:3.referre Naturam, mores, victum motusque parentum,
to reproduce, Lucr. 1, 597:majorum vultus vocesque comasque,
id. 4, 1221:mores, os vultusque ejus (sc. patris),
Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 9:parentis sui speciem,
Liv. 10, 7; cf.:(Tellus) partim figuras Rettulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit,
Ov. M. 1, 437:faciem demptā pelle novam,
Tib. 1, 8, 46:temporis illius vultum,
Ov. M. 13, 443: si quis mihi parvulus aulā Luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore [p. 1545] referret, might represent, resemble thee, Verg. A. 4, 329; cf.:nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,
id. ib. 12, 348:Marsigni sermone vultuque Suevos referunt,
Tac. G. 43:neque amissos colores lana refert,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 28.—To convey a report, account, intelligence, by speech or by writing; to report, announce, relate, recite, repeat, recount; to mention, allege (class.;b.in late Lat. saepissime): certorum hominum sermones referebantur ad me,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10 Orell. N. cr.:tales miserrima fletus Fertque refertque soror (sc. ad Aeneam),
Verg. A. 4, 438:pugnam referunt,
Ov. M. 12, 160:factum dictumve,
Liv. 6, 40:si quis hoc referat exemplum,
Quint. 5, 11, 8:in epistulis Cicero haec Bruti refert verba,
id. 6, 3, 20:quale refert Cicero de homine praelongo, caput eum, etc.,
id. 6, 3, 67 et saep.:quaecunque refers,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 60; 2, 1, 130:sermones deorum,
id. C. 3, 3, 71:multum referens de Maecenate,
Juv. 1, 66. —With obj.-clause, Suet. Caes. 30; Ov. M. 1, 700; 4, 796:Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere refer,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2 al.; cf. poet. by Greek attraction:quia rettulit Ajax Esse Jovis pronepos,
Ov. M. 13, 141; and:referre aliquid in annales,
Liv. 4, 34 fin., and 43, 13, 2:ut Proetum mulier perfida credulum Falsis impulerit criminibus, refert,
Hor. C. 3, 7, 16.— Absol.:quantum, inquam, debetis? Respondent CVI. Refero ad Scaptium,
I report, announce it to Scaptius, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12:in quo primum saepe aliter est dictum, aliter ad nos relatum,
reported, stated, id. Brut. 57, 288:(Hortensius) nullo referente, omnia adversariorum dicta meminisset,
id. ib. 88, 301:abi, quaere, et refer,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 53. —Poet. (mostly in Ovid), to repeat to one ' s self, call to mind:c.tacitāque recentia mente Visa refert,
Ov. M. 15, 27:si forte refers,
id. Am. 2, 8, 17:haec refer,
id. R. Am. 308:saepe refer tecum sceleratae facta puellae,
id. ib. 299:mente memor refero,
id. M. 15, 451:foeda Lycaoniae referens convivia mensae,
id. ib. 1, 165; cf.:illam meminitque refertque,
id. ib. 11, 563.—Pregn., to say in return, to rejoin, answer, reply (syn. respondeo):d.id me non ad meam defensionem attulisse, sed illorum defensioni rettulisse,
Cic. Caecin. 29, 85:ego tibi refero,
I reply to you, id. ib. 29, 85, §84: ut si esset dictum, etc., et referret aliquis Ergo, etc.,
id. Fat. 13, 30:quid a nobis autem refertur,
id. Quint. 13, 44: retices;nec mutua nostris Dicta refers,
Ov. M. 1, 656; 14, 696:Musa refert,
id. ib. 5, 337; id. F. 5, 278:Anna refert,
Verg. A. 4, 31:talia voce,
id. ib. 1, 94:pectore voces,
id. ib. 5, 409:tandem pauca refert,
id. ib. 4, 333 et saep. —Publicists' t. t.(α).To bring, convey, deliver any thing as an official report, to report, announce, notify, = renuntiare:(β).legati haec se ad suos relaturos dixerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 9; cf.:cujus orationem legati domum referunt,
id. B. C. 1, 35: responsa (legati), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 380, 31:legationem Romam,
Liv. 7, 32:mandata ad aliquem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57:responsa,
id. B. G. 1, 35; cf.:mandata alicui,
id. ib. 1, 37:numerum capitum ad aliquem,
id. ib. 2, 33 fin.:rumores excipere et ad aliquem referre,
Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 47:Ubii paucis diebus intermissis referunt, Suevos omnes, etc.,
id. ib. 6, 10; Liv. 3, 38, 12.—Ad senatum de aliquā re referre (less freq with acc., a rel.-clause, or absol.), to make a motion or proposition in the Senate; to consult, refer to, or lay before the Senate; to move, bring forward, propose: VTI L. PAVLVS C. MARCELLVS COSS... DE CONSVLARIBVS PROVINCIIS AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID PRIVS... AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID CONIVNCTVM DE EA RE REFERRETVR A CONSVLIBVS, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq.: de legibus abrogandis ad senatum referre. Cic. Cornel. 1, Fragm. 8 (p. 448 Orell.); cf.:(γ).de quo legando consules spero ad senatum relaturos,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:de ejus honore ad senatum referre,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:de eā re postulant uti referatur. Itaque consulente Cicerone frequens senatus decernit, etc.,
Sall. C. 48, 5, 6:rem ad senatum refert,
id. ib. 29, 1; cf.:tunc relata ex integro res ad senatum,
Liv. 21, 5:rem ad senatum,
id. 2, 22:consul convocato senatu refert, quid de his fieri placeat, qui, etc.,
Sall. C. 50, 3: ut ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari (a consulibus) non potuit. Referunt consules de re publicā, Caes. B. C. 1, 1; cf.:refer, inquis, ad senatum. Non referam,
Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20.—Of other bodies than the Senate (cf.: defero, fero): C. Cassium censorem de signo Concordiae dedicando ad pontificum collegium rettulisse,
Cic. Dom. 53, 136: eam rem ad consilium cum rettulisset Fabius. Liv. 24, 45, 2; 30, 4, 9:est quod referam ad consilium,
id. 30, 31, 9; 44, 2, 5; Curt. 4, 11, 10.— Per syllepsin: DE EA RE AD SENATVM POPVLVMQVE REFERRI, since referre ad populum was not used in this sense (for ferre ad populum); v. fero, and the foll. g:de hoc (sc. Eumene) Antigonus ad consilium rettulit,
Nep. Eum. 12, 1.— Transf., to make a reference, to refer (class.): de rebus et obscuris et incertis ad Apollinem censeo referendum;ad quem etiam Athenienses publice de majoribus rebus semper rettulerunt,
Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122; cf. Nep. Lys. 3; Cic. Quint. 16, 53.— Different from this is, *Referre ad populum (for denuo ferre), to propose or refer any thing anew to the people (cf. supra, II. B. 2.;e.v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1006): factum est illorum aequitate et sapientiā consulum, ut id, quod senatus decreverat, id postea referendum ad populum non arbitrarentur,
Cic. Clu. 49, 137; cf. Att. ap. Non. p. 512, 29; Liv. 22, 20; Val. Max. 8, 10, 1.—A mercantile and publicists' t. t., to note down, enter any thing in writing; to inscribe, register, record, etc.:4.cum scirem, ita indicium in tabulas publicas relatum,
Cic. Sull. 15, 42:in tabulas quodcumque commodum est,
id. Fl. 9, 20:nomen in tabulas, in codicem,
id. Rosc. Com. 1, 4:quod reliquum in commentarium,
id. Att. 7, 3, 7:quid in libellum,
id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:tuas epistulas in volumina,
i. e. to admit, id. Fam. 16, 17 init.; cf.:orationem in Origines,
id. Brut. 23, 89 al.:in reos, in proscriptos referri,
to be set down among, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:absentem in reos,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 42, § 109; cf.:aliquem inter proscriptos,
Suet. Aug. 70:anulos quoque depositos a nobilitate, in annales relatum est,
Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 18:senatūs consulta falsa (sc. in aerarium),
enter, register, Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Phil. 5, 4, 12. —Entirely absol.:ut nec triumviri accipiundo nec scribae referundo sufficerent,
Liv. 26, 36 fin. —Here, too, belongs referre rationes or aliquid (in rationibus, ad aerarium, ad aliquem, alicui), to give, present, or render an account:rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2;and rationes referre alone: in rationibus referendis... rationum referendarum jus, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 20, 1; id. Pis. 25, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77; 2, 3, 71, § 167:referre rationes publicas ad Caesarem cum fide,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20 fin.:si hanc ex fenore pecuniam populo non rettuleris, reddas societati,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167:(pecuniam) in aerarium,
Liv. 37, 57, 12; cf.: pecuniam operi publico, to charge to, i. e. to set down as applied to, Cic. Fl. 19, 44.— So, too, acceptum and in acceptum referre, to place to one ' s credit, in a lit. and trop. sense (v. accipio).— Hence, transf.: aliquem (aliquid) in numero (as above, in rationibus), in numerum, etc., to count or reckon a person or thing among:Democritus, qui imagines eorumque circuitus in deorum numero refert,
Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29:(Caesar, Claudius) in deorum numerum relatus est,
Suet. Caes. 88; id. Claud. 45:Ponticus Heraclides terram et caelum refert in deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 13, 34:nostri oratorii libri in Eundem librorum numerum referendi videntur,
id. Div. 2, 1, 4: hoc nomen in codicem relatum, id. Rosc. Com. B. and K. (al. in codice).—With inter (postAug. and freq.):ut inter deos referretur (August.),
Suet. Aug. 97:diem inter festos, nefastos,
Tac. A. 13, 41 fin.:hi tamen inter Germanos referuntur,
id. G. 46; Suet. Claud. 11; id. Tib. 53:dumque refert inter meritorum maxima, demptos Aesonis esse situs,
Ov. M. 7, 302:intellectum est, quod inter divos quoque referretur,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 14:inter sidera referre,
Hyg. Fab. 192:inter praecipua crudelitatis indicia referendus,
Val. Max. 9, 2, ext. 5:inter insulas,
Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 48:dicebat quasdam esse quaestiones, quae deberent inter res judicatas referri,
Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 12:eodem Q. Caepionem referrem,
I should place in the same category, Cic. Brut. 62, 223.—Referre aliquid ad aliquid, to trace back, ascribe, refer a thing to any thing:5.qui pecudum ritu ad voluptatem omnia referunt,
Cic. Lael. 9, 32:omnia ad igneam vim,
id. N. D. 3, 14, 35:omnia ad incolumitatem et ad libertatem suam,
id. Rep. 1, 32, 49; 1, 26, 41:in historiā quaeque ad veritatem, in poëmate pleraque ad delectationem,
id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; id. Off. 1, 16, 52 et saep. al.:hunc ipsum finem definiebas id esse, quo omnia, quae recte fierent, referrentur, neque id ipsum usquam referretur,
id. Fin. 2, 2, 5; cf.nusquam,
id. ib. 1, 9, 29:ad commonendum oratorem, quo quidque referat,
id. de Or. 1, 32, 145:hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,
Hor. C. 3, 6, 6.— With dat.:cujus adversa pravitati ipsius, prospera ad fortunam referebat,
Tac. A. 14, 38 fin. — In Tac. once with in:quidquid ubique magnificum est, in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,
Tac. G. 34.—Rarely of persons;as: tuum est Caesar, quid nunc mihi animi sit, ad te ipsum referre,
Cic. Deiot. 2, 7.— Absol.: ita inserere oportet referentem ad fructum, meliore genere ut sit surculus, etc., one who looks to or cares for the fruit, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 6.—Culpam in aliquem referre, to throw the blame upon, accuse, hold responsible for, etc. (post-Aug.):hic, quod in adversis rebis solet fieri, alius in alium culpam referebant,
Curt. 4, 3, 7; Aug. contr. Man. 2, 17, 25 Hier. Epp. 1, 9 fin.: cf.:augere ejus, in quem referet crimen, culpam,
Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 83:causa ad matrem referebatur,
Tac. A. 6, 49:causam abscessus ad Sejani artes,
id. ib. 4, 57. -
7 अन्यथा
anyá-thāind. otherwise, in a different manner (with atas, itas, orﾠ tatas = in a manner different from this;
anyathāanyathā, in one way, in another way);
inaccurately, untruly, falsely, erroneously;
from another motive;
in the contrary case, otherwise
+ cf. Lat. aliuta
- अन्यथाकार
- अन्यथाकृ
- अन्यथाकृत
- अन्यथाख्याति
- अन्यथात्व
- अन्यथाभाव
- अन्यथाभूत
- अन्यथावादिन्
- अन्यथावृत्ति
- अन्यथासिद्ध
- अन्यथासिद्धत्व
- अन्यथासिद्धि
- अन्यथास्तोत्र
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8 Varianus
1.vārus, a, um, adj. [perh. root kar, kvar; whence Sanscr. kakras, wheel; Lat. circus, curvus, and vārus, for cvarus; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 412], bent, stretched, or grown inwards, or awry.I.Lit.:II.(canes) debent esse cruribus rectis et potius varis quam vatiis,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4; hence of persons with legs bent inwards, knock-kneed (cf. valgus): hunc varum distortis cruribus;illum Balbutit scaurum pravis fultum male talis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 47 (cf. Orelli et Dillenb. ad loc.); Lucil. ap. Non. 26, 12; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 54; Dig. 21, 1, 10 fin.:manus,
i. e. bent, crooked, Ov. M. 9, 33:bracchia,
Mart. 7, 32, 9; Stat. Th. 6, 850:cornua,
Ov. M. 12, 382; id. Am. 1, 3, 24:talea,
Col. 5, 9, 2.—Trop., diverse, different ( poet.); absol.:2.geminos, Horoscope, varo Producis genio,
Pers. 6, 18.—With dat.:alterum (genus hominum) et huic varum et nihilo sapientius,
different from this, Hor. S. 2, 3, 56.vărus, i, m., an eruption on the face, a blotch, pimple, Gr. ionthos, Cels. 6, 5; Plin. 22, 25, 73, § 151; 23, 1, 14, § 19; 23, 4, 42, § 85; 23, 4, 45, § 89.3.Vārus, i, m., a surname, esp. in the gens Quintilia;e. g. P. Quintilius Varus,
defeated by Arminius, Vell. 2, 117; Suet. Aug. 23; id. Tib. 17; Tac. A. 1, 3; 1, 43; 1, 55; 1, 60 al.—Hence, Vārĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Varus, Varian:clades,
Suet. Aug. 23; 49; id. Tib. 17; 18; id. Calig. 3; 31. -
9 Varus
1.vārus, a, um, adj. [perh. root kar, kvar; whence Sanscr. kakras, wheel; Lat. circus, curvus, and vārus, for cvarus; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 412], bent, stretched, or grown inwards, or awry.I.Lit.:II.(canes) debent esse cruribus rectis et potius varis quam vatiis,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4; hence of persons with legs bent inwards, knock-kneed (cf. valgus): hunc varum distortis cruribus;illum Balbutit scaurum pravis fultum male talis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 47 (cf. Orelli et Dillenb. ad loc.); Lucil. ap. Non. 26, 12; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 54; Dig. 21, 1, 10 fin.:manus,
i. e. bent, crooked, Ov. M. 9, 33:bracchia,
Mart. 7, 32, 9; Stat. Th. 6, 850:cornua,
Ov. M. 12, 382; id. Am. 1, 3, 24:talea,
Col. 5, 9, 2.—Trop., diverse, different ( poet.); absol.:2.geminos, Horoscope, varo Producis genio,
Pers. 6, 18.—With dat.:alterum (genus hominum) et huic varum et nihilo sapientius,
different from this, Hor. S. 2, 3, 56.vărus, i, m., an eruption on the face, a blotch, pimple, Gr. ionthos, Cels. 6, 5; Plin. 22, 25, 73, § 151; 23, 1, 14, § 19; 23, 4, 42, § 85; 23, 4, 45, § 89.3.Vārus, i, m., a surname, esp. in the gens Quintilia;e. g. P. Quintilius Varus,
defeated by Arminius, Vell. 2, 117; Suet. Aug. 23; id. Tib. 17; Tac. A. 1, 3; 1, 43; 1, 55; 1, 60 al.—Hence, Vārĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Varus, Varian:clades,
Suet. Aug. 23; 49; id. Tib. 17; 18; id. Calig. 3; 31. -
10 varus
1.vārus, a, um, adj. [perh. root kar, kvar; whence Sanscr. kakras, wheel; Lat. circus, curvus, and vārus, for cvarus; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 412], bent, stretched, or grown inwards, or awry.I.Lit.:II.(canes) debent esse cruribus rectis et potius varis quam vatiis,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4; hence of persons with legs bent inwards, knock-kneed (cf. valgus): hunc varum distortis cruribus;illum Balbutit scaurum pravis fultum male talis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 47 (cf. Orelli et Dillenb. ad loc.); Lucil. ap. Non. 26, 12; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 54; Dig. 21, 1, 10 fin.:manus,
i. e. bent, crooked, Ov. M. 9, 33:bracchia,
Mart. 7, 32, 9; Stat. Th. 6, 850:cornua,
Ov. M. 12, 382; id. Am. 1, 3, 24:talea,
Col. 5, 9, 2.—Trop., diverse, different ( poet.); absol.:2.geminos, Horoscope, varo Producis genio,
Pers. 6, 18.—With dat.:alterum (genus hominum) et huic varum et nihilo sapientius,
different from this, Hor. S. 2, 3, 56.vărus, i, m., an eruption on the face, a blotch, pimple, Gr. ionthos, Cels. 6, 5; Plin. 22, 25, 73, § 151; 23, 1, 14, § 19; 23, 4, 42, § 85; 23, 4, 45, § 89.3.Vārus, i, m., a surname, esp. in the gens Quintilia;e. g. P. Quintilius Varus,
defeated by Arminius, Vell. 2, 117; Suet. Aug. 23; id. Tib. 17; Tac. A. 1, 3; 1, 43; 1, 55; 1, 60 al.—Hence, Vārĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Varus, Varian:clades,
Suet. Aug. 23; 49; id. Tib. 17; 18; id. Calig. 3; 31. -
11 παρέκ
παρ-έκ, παρέξ: along past, close by, Od. 5.439, Il. 11.486; met., εἰπεῖν, ἀγορεύειν, away from the point, evasively; ‘different from this,’ Od. 14.168; as prep., w. gen., outside of; w. acc., beyond, away from, along beyond, Od. 12.276 ; παρὲκ νόον, ‘contrary to reason,’ ‘foolishly,’ Il. 20.133, Il. 10.391 ; παρὲξ Ἀχιλῆα, ‘without the knowledge of Achilles,’ Il. 24.434.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > παρέκ
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12 vārus
vārus adj. [CVR-], bent, turned awry, crooked: a pectore manūs, O.—Poet.: Alterum (genus hominum) huic varum, i. e. different from this, H. —With legs bent inward, knock-kneed: hunc varum distortis cruribus Balbutit, H.* * *vara, varum ADJbent-outwards; bandy; bow-legged; contrasting -
13 различными путями
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > различными путями
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14 различный
different, distinctThe caiman belongs to the same group of reptiles as the crocodile and alligator, and to the layman all three animals look very much alike. To me, however, they were very different, and though all three are found in the Americas, they each have distinctive habitats .This remarkable and unique display is distinctly different from the song-flights of all other Palearctic wheatears .Русско-английский словарь по этологии (поведению животных) > различный
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15 Отличаться на (от)
This expression differs from... by a term of order $n$These two vectors differ by a scale factorThese two expressions differ by a linear termThe differential of $f$ is different from $0$Русско-английский словарь по прикладной математике и механике > Отличаться на (от)
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16 Отличаться на (от)
This expression differs from... by a term of order $n$These two vectors differ by a scale factorThese two expressions differ by a linear termThe differential of $f$ is different from $0$Русско-английский словарь по прикладной математике и механике > Отличаться на (от)
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17 неоспоримое доказательство того, что
•This is decisive evidence that the surface layers of the Moon are quite different from the surface layers of the Earth.
•Such a spectrum can furnish unambiguous (or unassailable) proof of the compound's identity.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > неоспоримое доказательство того, что
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18 galette
This is French for pancake, usually sweet, made of batters, doughs, or potatoes. Brioche-type dough or puff pastry are often used. Small short butter cookies were once also called galettes. The term has now been stretched to include preparations made of vegetables or fish. Different from a croquette, these cakes are not breaded. -
19 distinto
adj.1 different, unlike, other, unequal.2 distinct, distinguishable, apparent.3 distinct, non continuous, discrete, quite separate.* * *► adjetivo1 (diferente) different2 (claro) distinct► adjetivo pl distintos,-as1 various, several* * *(f. - distinta)adj.1) different2) distinct* * *ADJ1) (=diferente) different (a, de from)2) (=definido) [perfil, vista] clear, distinct3) pl distintos several, varioushay distintas opiniones sobre eso — there are several o various opinions about that
* * *- ta adjetivo1) ( diferente) differentser distinto a or de algo/alguien — to be different from o (AmE) than something/somebody
estas/te encuentro distinto — you look different
* * *= alternative, dissimilar, different, discrete, disparate, distinct, separate, unconnected.Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.Ex. It is the identification of similarities and differences, enabling one to group together things which are similar, and separate them from things which are dissimilar.Ex. Composite documents are documents which contain two or more discrete subjects.Ex. It is the distinct syntactical relationships in these subjects which are responsible for their being two disparate topics.Ex. There are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.Ex. One of the most obvious of the limitations of this approach is that it is difficult to decide what constitutes a separate work.Ex. To take some very common examples, many academic libraries will not answer any enquiries at all from people unconnected with the university.----* algo distinto de = something other than.* algo muy distinto de = a far cry from.* distinto de = other than.* distintos = any of a number of.* en distinta medida = differing, in varying measures.* en distintas ocasiones = at different times, at various times, on several occasions.* en distinto grado = in varying measures, differing, to varying degrees.* en distintos formatos = multiform.* en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.* en un lugar distinto a = somewhere other than.* ser algo completamente distinto = be nothing of the sort.* * *- ta adjetivo1) ( diferente) differentser distinto a or de algo/alguien — to be different from o (AmE) than something/somebody
estas/te encuentro distinto — you look different
* * *= alternative, dissimilar, different, discrete, disparate, distinct, separate, unconnected.Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
Ex: It is the identification of similarities and differences, enabling one to group together things which are similar, and separate them from things which are dissimilar.Ex: Composite documents are documents which contain two or more discrete subjects.Ex: It is the distinct syntactical relationships in these subjects which are responsible for their being two disparate topics.Ex: There are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.Ex: One of the most obvious of the limitations of this approach is that it is difficult to decide what constitutes a separate work.Ex: To take some very common examples, many academic libraries will not answer any enquiries at all from people unconnected with the university.* algo distinto de = something other than.* algo muy distinto de = a far cry from.* distinto de = other than.* distintos = any of a number of.* en distinta medida = differing, in varying measures.* en distintas ocasiones = at different times, at various times, on several occasions.* en distinto grado = in varying measures, differing, to varying degrees.* en distintos formatos = multiform.* en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.* en un lugar distinto a = somewhere other than.* ser algo completamente distinto = be nothing of the sort.* * *distinto -taA (diferente) differentson gemelos, pero son muy distintos they're twins, but they are very differentdistinto A or DE algo/algn:es totalmente distinto a ella he is totally different to o from hersu versión de lo ocurrido es bastante distinta de la mía his version of events is quite different from o to o ( AmE) than mineeste problema es totalmente distinto del anterior this problem is totally different from o ( frml) quite distinct from the previous oneB (en pl, delante del n) (varios) several, variousles preguntó a distintas personas y nadie sabía she asked several o various people and no-one knew* * *
distinto◊ -ta adjetivo
1 ( diferente) different;
ser distinto a or de algo/algn to be different from o to o (AmE) than sth/sb;◊ estas/te encuentro distinto you look different
2 (en pl, delante del n) ( varios) several, various
distinto,-a adjetivo different
' distinto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
actual
- aparte
- diferenciar
- distinta
- diversa
- diverso
- fonéticamente
- otra
- otro
- carácter
- concebir
- diferente
English:
actual
- cry
- differ
- different
- dissimilar
- distinct
- separate
- unlike
- other
* * *distinto, -a♦ adj1. [diferente] different (de o a from o to);su versión de los hechos era muy distinta her version of events was very different;es distinto venir de vacaciones a vivir aquí coming on Br holiday o US vacation is different to o from living here2. [claro] clear;su voz se oía distinta entre las demás her voice could be clearly heard among the others;claro y distinto perfectly clear3.distintos [varios] various;hay distintos libros sobre el tema there are various books on the subject;hay distintas maneras de preparar este plato there are various different ways of making this dish♦ advdifferently;en este país hacen las cosas distinto they do things differently in this country* * *adj1 different;ser distinto de be different from2:* * *distinto, -ta adj1) diferente: different2) claro: distinct, clear, evident* * *distinto adj (diferente) different -
20 diferente
adj.different.una casa diferente de o a la mía a house different from mineyo soy muy diferente de o a él I'm very different from himpor diferentes razones for a variety of reasons, for various reasonsadv.differently.se comportan muy diferente el uno del otro they behave very differently (from one another)* * *► adjetivo1 different■ es diferente de/a todos it's different to/from them all* * *adj.* * *ADJ1) (=distinto) differentser diferente de o a algn/algo — to be different to o from sb/sth
mi enfoque es diferente del o al tuyo — my approach is different to o from yours
eso me da igual, diferente sería que no me invitaran a la fiesta — I don't mind about that, it would be different if they didn't invite me to the party
2)diferentes — (=varios) various, several
por aquí han pasado diferentes personalidades — various o several celebrities have been here
* * *a) ( distinto) differentser diferente a or de alguien/algo — to be different from somebody/something
mi familia es diferente a or de la tuya — my family is different from o to yours
es un lugar diferente de todos los que he visitado hasta ahora — it is unlike any other place I have visited so far
b) (en pl, delante del n) <motivos/soluciones/maneras> various* * *= alternative, dissimilar, different, differing, distinct, diverse, variant, varying, unlike, unconnected, discrepant, contrasting, differential, various, disparate, non-identical.Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.Ex. It is the identification of similarities and differences, enabling one to group together things which are similar, and separate them from things which are dissimilar.Ex. Different devices for the organisation of knowledge place differing emphasis on the relative importance of these two objectives.Ex. There are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.Ex. Homographs are words which have the same spelling as each other but very diverse meanings.Ex. If the variant heading given in the reference heading area is identified as a variant to more than one uniform heading, area 3 may contain multiple uniform headings.Ex. A uniform title is the title by which a work that has appeared under varying titles is to be identified for cataloguing purposes.Ex. The relationship of these two types of technology to librarianship is not unlike that of radio to astronomy.Ex. To take some very common examples, many academic libraries will not answer any enquiries at all from people unconnected with the university.Ex. Male heavy and light readers are found to have value systems so discrepant as to constitute almost distinct subcultures.Ex. The author describes 2 contrasting Florida libraries on the Gulf of Mexico, how they serve and are served by the community.Ex. The records in a computer data bases are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.Ex. It is the distinct syntactical relationships in these subjects which are responsible for their being two disparate topics.Ex. Based on the above considerations, medicinal ingredients containing the same active moiety are classified into identical or non-identical.----* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* algo diferente de = something other than.* algo muy diferente de = a far cry from.* anchos de diferentes tamaños = graded widths.* como diferente a = as distinct from.* con diferentes variaciones = in variation.* conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.* de diferente modo = differently.* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale], grey scale [gray scale].* de forma diferente = differently shaped.* de un modo diferente = differentially.* diferente de = different to, other than.* diferentes ocasiones = at different times.* en diferente grado = differing, in varying measures.* en diferente medida = differing, in varying measures.* en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.* en diferentes ocasiones = at different times, at various times.* entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].* en un lugar diferente de = somewhere other than.* formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].* habilidad en el manejo de diferentes soportes = media competency.* muy diferente de = far different... from, in marked contrast to/with.* opiniones diferentes = contrasting opinions.* pensar de un modo diferente = think out(side) + (of) the box.* que combina diferentes tipos de re = multi-source [multi source].* seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.* seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.* ser completamente diferente = be in a different league.* ser de un tipo diferente = be different in kind.* ser muy diferente de = be quite apart from.* ser un caso completamente diferente = be in a league of its own.* tener un concepto diferente sobre Algo = hold + different perspective on.* ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.* * *a) ( distinto) differentser diferente a or de alguien/algo — to be different from somebody/something
mi familia es diferente a or de la tuya — my family is different from o to yours
es un lugar diferente de todos los que he visitado hasta ahora — it is unlike any other place I have visited so far
b) (en pl, delante del n) <motivos/soluciones/maneras> various* * *= alternative, dissimilar, different, differing, distinct, diverse, variant, varying, unlike, unconnected, discrepant, contrasting, differential, various, disparate, non-identical.Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
Ex: It is the identification of similarities and differences, enabling one to group together things which are similar, and separate them from things which are dissimilar.Ex: Different devices for the organisation of knowledge place differing emphasis on the relative importance of these two objectives.Ex: There are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.Ex: Homographs are words which have the same spelling as each other but very diverse meanings.Ex: If the variant heading given in the reference heading area is identified as a variant to more than one uniform heading, area 3 may contain multiple uniform headings.Ex: A uniform title is the title by which a work that has appeared under varying titles is to be identified for cataloguing purposes.Ex: The relationship of these two types of technology to librarianship is not unlike that of radio to astronomy.Ex: To take some very common examples, many academic libraries will not answer any enquiries at all from people unconnected with the university.Ex: Male heavy and light readers are found to have value systems so discrepant as to constitute almost distinct subcultures.Ex: The author describes 2 contrasting Florida libraries on the Gulf of Mexico, how they serve and are served by the community.Ex: This illustrates the puzzle that differential policies pose for users.Ex: The records in a computer data bases are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.Ex: It is the distinct syntactical relationships in these subjects which are responsible for their being two disparate topics.Ex: Based on the above considerations, medicinal ingredients containing the same active moiety are classified into identical or non-identical.* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* algo diferente de = something other than.* algo muy diferente de = a far cry from.* anchos de diferentes tamaños = graded widths.* como diferente a = as distinct from.* con diferentes variaciones = in variation.* conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.* de diferente modo = differently.* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale], grey scale [gray scale].* de forma diferente = differently shaped.* de un modo diferente = differentially.* diferente de = different to, other than.* diferentes ocasiones = at different times.* en diferente grado = differing, in varying measures.* en diferente medida = differing, in varying measures.* en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.* en diferentes ocasiones = at different times, at various times.* entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].* en un lugar diferente de = somewhere other than.* formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].* habilidad en el manejo de diferentes soportes = media competency.* muy diferente de = far different... from, in marked contrast to/with.* opiniones diferentes = contrasting opinions.* pensar de un modo diferente = think out(side) + (of) the box.* que combina diferentes tipos de re = multi-source [multi source].* seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.* seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.* ser completamente diferente = be in a different league.* ser de un tipo diferente = be different in kind.* ser muy diferente de = be quite apart from.* ser un caso completamente diferente = be in a league of its own.* tener un concepto diferente sobre Algo = hold + different perspective on.* ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.* * *1 (distinto) different ser diferente A or DE algn/algo:mi familia es diferente a or de la tuya my family is different from o to yourssu versión es diferente a or de la tuya her version is different from o to o ( AmE) than yourses un lugar diferente de todos los que he visitado hasta ahora it is unlike any other place I have visited so far2 (en pl, delante del n) ‹motivos/soluciones/maneras› variousdiferentes personas manifestaron esa misma opinión various (different) people expressed the same opinionexisten diferentes enfoques del problema there are a variety o a number of (different) ways of looking at the problem, there are various (different) ways of looking at the problemnos hemos encontrado en diferentes ocasiones we've met several times o on several o on various occasionspor diferentes razones for a variety o a number of reasons, for various reasons* * *
diferente adjetivo
ser diferente a or de algn/algo to be different from sb/sth
diferente
I adjetivo different [de, from]
II adverbio differently: ¿no crees que deberíamos atacar el problema de una forma diferente?, don't you think that we should approach the problem differently?
' diferente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
discrepar
- otra
- otro
- separada
- separado
- desigual
- dispar
- distinto
- diverso
English:
differ
- different
- distinct
- off-beat
- unalike
- unlike
- alternative
- dissimilar
* * *♦ adjfue una experiencia diferente it was something different2.diferentes [varios] various;se oyeron diferentes opiniones al respecto various opinions were voiced on the subject;por diferentes razones for a variety of reasons, for various reasons;ocurre en diferentes lugares del planeta it happens in various different places around the world♦ advdifferently;se comportan muy diferente el uno del otro they behave very differently (from one another)* * *adj different* * *diferente adjdistinto: different♦ diferentemente adv* * *diferente adj different
См. также в других словарях:
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different from, to, than — Among the more tenacious beliefs among many writers and editors is that different may be followed only by from. At least since 1906, when the Fowler brothers raised the issue in The Kings English, authorities have pointed out that there is no… … Dictionary of troublesome word
different from — , to, than. Among the more tenacious beliefs among many writers and editors is that different may be followed only by from. In fact, the belief has no real basis. Different from is, to be sure, the usual form in most sentences and the only… … Bryson’s dictionary for writers and editors
different from, different than, different to — The first two of these expressions are widely used, but different from is preferred by careful, educated writers and speakers: This specimen is different from (not than) that. Unfortunately, but correctly, different from often leads to extra… … Dictionary of problem words and expressions
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different — dif|fer|ent [ dıf(ə)rənt ] adjective *** 1. ) not the same as another person or thing, or not the same as before: I tried on lots of different hats. Her new glasses make her look completely different. different from: This job is a lot different… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
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different — 1. Fowler wrote in 1926 that insistence ‘that different can only be followed by from and not by to is a superstition’. It is in fact a 20c superstition that refuses to go away, despite copious evidence for the use of to and than dating back to… … Modern English usage
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